Example of an archived webpage or a blog post (includes specific date). The name of the blog takes the place of the author and the parent government agency is in the place of a publisher:
Military OneSource. (2020, February 13). Becoming a new father while you’re deployed. U.S. Department of Defense. https://www.militaryonesource.mil/about-us/
Reports:
Report from an organization (group author):
United Nations Children's Fund. (2020). Build to last: A framework in support of universal quality pre-primary education. https://www.unicef.org/media/67191/file/Build-to-last-framework-universal-quality-pre-primary-education.pdf
Parenthetical citation:
(United Nations Children's Fund [UNICEF], 2020) first cite; (UNICEF, 2020) thereafter
Narrative citation:
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF, 2020) first cite; UNICEF (2020) thereafter
Business report authored by author, from proprietary database:
Smith, D. (2020, September). Changing retail landscape: Incl impact of COVID-19 – US. Mintel. https://www.mintel.com
Parenthetical citation: (Smith, 2020)
Narrative citation: Smith (2020)
Fact sheet from an organization (group author):
World Health Organization. (2019). Children: Reducing mortality [Fact sheet]. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/children-reducing-mortality
Webpage on a news website (online news sources such as CNN, Reuters, BBC News):
Caspani, M. (2020, September 18). New Jersey governor signs law aimed at protecting poor from pollution. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-environment-new-jersey- idUSKBN2692FL
Online newspaper from a newspaper database:
Livingston, D. (2015, January 4). Teachers' diversity lags students' as percentage of Hispanic, multiracial kids grows, instructor still is most likely white. Akron Beacon Journal, A1.
Press release:
Ohio Department of Education. (2020, September 15). Ohio Department of Education Releases Abbreviated 2020 School Report Cards [Press release]. http://education.ohio.gov/Media/Media-Releases/Ohio-Department-of-Education-Releases-Abbreviated#.X2e_AdZ7ns1
Key Points for Citing Government Documents:
Examples of government webpages authored by an agency, parent agency also appears on page, with specific updated date (as opposed to a reviewed date):
Example 1:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2017, September 15). Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.samhsa.gov/sbirt
Example 2:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, May 21). Considerations for institutes of higher education. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/colleges-universities/considerations.html
Parenthetical citation:
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020) first cite;
(CDC, 2020) thereafter
Narrative citation:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2010) first cite;
(CDC, 2020) thereafter
Example of a document by subagency with parent agency in publisher position (p. 329), published as part of a series (p. 330), with publication No., and the year the document was last updated:
Example 1:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2009). TIP 50, Addressing suicidal thoughts and behaviors in substance abuse treatment (Treatment Improvement Protocol [TIP] Series, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4793). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma13-4793.pdf
Sample Reference:
PDR.net. (n.d.). Ondansetron hydrochloride [Drug information]. https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Ondansetron-ondansetron-hydrochloride-3428.2904
How to cite the work by a group author in-text:
Guideline from a journal article:
Nahid, P., Mase, S. R., Migliori, G. B., Sotgiu, G., Bothamley, G. H., Brozek, J. L., Cattamanchi, A., Cegielski, J. P., Chen, L., Daley, C. L., Dalton, T. L., Duarte, R., Fregonese, F., Horsburgh, C. R., Jr, Ahmad Khan, F., Kheir, F., Lan, Z., Lardizabal, A., Lauzardo, M., Mangan, J. M., … Seaworth, B. (2019). Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. An official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA clinical practice guideline (American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 200, No. 10). American Thoracic Society. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201909-1874ST
How to cite the work by 21 or more authors in-text:
Research instruments are tools "used to collect, measure, and analyze data related to your subject." They can be in the form of questionnaires, surveys, tests, scales, or even checklists.
Example of an entire research instrument found in a journal article:
Buysse, D., Reynolds, C., Monk, T., Berman, S., & Kupfer, D. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2),193-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
How to cite the work by three or more authors in-text:
NOTE: If you plan to publish your paper, permission to use questionnaires/surveys/tests or other research instruments is required. Refer to pp. 384-386 of the Publication Manual, 7th edition.
Example of an entire research instrument found freely on a website:
Stamm, B. H. (2015). ProQOL.org. https://proqol.org/ProQol_Test.html
How to cite the work by one author in-text:
Example of an informally published work, from ERIC database:
Lauer, L. M. (2011). Play deprivation: Is it happening in your school setting? (ED524739). ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED524739.pdf
Government agency as author of multiple webpages, same dates, parent agency appears on webpage. When there is no updated date, use (n.d.) Do not use the copyright date or the “Page last reviewed" (APA Manual, Section 9.13).
Example 1:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.-a). Communicating with and about people with disabilities. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/materials/factsheets/fs-communicating-with-people.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.-b). Disability Inclusion. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/disability-inclusion.html
In-text citations:
Parenthetical citation:
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.-a, n.d.-b)
Narrative citation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, n.d.-a, n.d.-b)
Direct quote with abbreviated name of section and paragraph number:
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.-b, "Disability Inclusion" section, para. 2)
Example 2:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2022). NIH pain research center: Research projects. National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/nih-pain-research-center/research-projects
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2019). Rheumatoid arthritis: In depth. National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/rheumatoid-arthritis-in-depth
In-text citations:
Parenthetical citation:
(National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health [NCCIH], 2022, 2019)
Narrative citation:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH, 2022, 2019)
Direct quote with abbreviated name of section and paragraph number:
(National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health [NCCIH], 2019, "Tainted Arthritis Supplements" section, para. 1)